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Pressure ulcers

Do we still need to assess nurses' attitudes towards pressure ulcer prevention?: a systematic review

02 February 2020
Education
02 February 2020
Volume 4 · Issue 1

Abstract

Objective:

To critically appraise and synthesise existing research literature pertaining to nurses' attitudes towards pressure ulcer (PU) prevention.

Method:

Using systematic review methodology, published quantitative studies focusing on nurses' attitudes towards PU prevention measured by psychometric tests were included. The search was conducted in May 2019 using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane and EMBASE databases, and returned 442 records, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a pre-designed extraction tool and all included studies were quality appraised using the checklist.

Results:

Of the included studies, 20 employed a cross-sectional design and one author employed a validation study. In measuring nurses' attitudes toward PU prevention two distinct instruments were used: the ‘Moore and Price Attitude Scale’ and the ‘Attitude towards Pressure Ulcer Prevention Instrument’. The mean attitude score within the studies was 73% (standard deviation=9.2%). The lowest attitude score was 51%, while the highest score was 89%. The results obtained from the studies indicated that 86% (n=18) yielded positive attitude results.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that, overall, nurses are positively disposed towards PU prevention. However, it is important to highlight that the nurses have difficulties translating this positive attitude into actual PU prevention strategies.

A pressure ulcer (PU) is defined as ‘localised injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue, usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear’.1 It is believed that pressure and shear are the primary cause of the tissue damage in PUs and risk factors such as activity, mobility, age, continence and nutritional status increase the probability of PU development.1 Prevalence rates (a measure of the number of people with a PU at a given point in time, in a specific population)2 range from 0.38–53.2%3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 and incidence rates (the number of new cases that occur within a given timeframe and population) vary from 1.9–71.6%.4,6,8,13,14,15,16

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attitudes
nurses
pressure ulcer
prevention
systematic review